A KNUST research highlights health risks from Vitamin D deficiency in Kumasi’s elderly

A recent study conducted by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) has revealed that only 6% of older adults in Kumasi receive sufficient sunlight exposure, a critical factor for the body’s natural production of vitamin D. Published in the October 2024 issue of the Journal of Science and Technology, the research indicates that 70% of the participants suffer from vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D, essential for maintaining healthy muscle function and immune responses, is largely derived from sunlight exposure and diets rich in vitamin D. Prolonged deficiency in the vitamin has been linked to weakened muscles and reduced immunity, posing significant health challenges, particularly for older individuals.

The study analyzed blood samples to measure vitamin D levels in 125 adults aged 55 and above attending the KNUST Hospital. Participants also completed structured questionnaires to assess their exposure to sunlight and their dietary habits. The researchers further examined their body composition to evaluate muscle mass and overall health.

The findings revealed that only 22.3% of the participants regularly consumed foods high in vitamin D, such as fatty fish, fortified cereals, and dairy products. This dietary shortfall, combined with insufficient sunlight exposure, significantly increased the risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Moreover, the study highlighted additional health concerns among the participants. It found that 60.8% were overweight or obese, while nearly half—48%—had reduced muscle mass, further underscoring the need for improved nutrition and physical activity in this age group.

Led by Professor Mrs. Ibok Oduro of the Food Science and Technology Department, the researchers recommended practical solutions to combat these issues. These included engaging in more outdoor activities to boost sunlight exposure, incorporating vitamin D-rich foods into daily diets, and participating in moderate physical exercise to enhance muscle health and body composition.

The findings underscore the urgent need for public health interventions to address the dual challenges of insufficient sunlight exposure and poor dietary habits among older adults in Kumasi.